اجبار اجبار کردن

1 Law:: - /ejbâr kardan/ n, v (intransitive or passive form : اجبار شدن – be, to be, being; having been, to have been+pp) coerce, -ing, coercion (some form of coercion, overt or covert, which encroaches upon the natural freedom of individuals – John Dewey( (the submissive way of one long accustomed to obey under coercion – Charles Dickens( (‘coercion’ that vitiates confession can be mental as well as physical, and question is whether accused was deprived of his free choice to admit, deny, or refuse to answer – HCB( (religion has in the past tried to coerce the irreligious, by garish promises and terrifying threats – W.R. Inge( (a person might no longer be coerced into an agreement not to join a union – American Guide Series : Mass( (struggles to coerce uniformity of sentiment – Felix Frankfurter( ● compel, ~ling, compulsion (so lame that he was compelled to use a cane – American Guide Series : N.H.( (poverty compelled him to work( (public opinion compelled President Lincoln to order McDowell to move forward – Dict. of American History( (Alexander … after the decisive victory at Legnano compelled Fredrick’s submission – Ency. Americana( (word “compel” as used in constitutional right to be free from being compelled in a criminal case to be a witness against one’s self means to be subjected to some coercion, fear, terror, inducement, trickery or threat – either physically or psychologically, blatantly or subtly; the hallmark of compulsion is the presence of some operative force producing an involuntary response. U.S. v. Escander, C.A. Fla., 465 F. 2d 438, 442 – HCB) ● duress (duress is any unlawful threat or coercion used by a person to induce another to act (or to refrain from acting) in a manner he or she otherwise would not (or would) … duress my be a defense to a criminal act, breach of contract, or tort because an act to be criminal or one which constitutes a breach of contract or a tort must be voluntary to create liability or responsibility( (contract entered into under duress by physical compulsion is void – HCB( ● constrain, ~ing; ~t (no one shall constrain me against my conscience to reveal my beliefs – Alexander Laing( (Fate was constraining him to follow Cleopatra – John Buchan( (the evidence constraining belief in his guilt( ● force : power, violence, compulsion, or constraint exerted upon or against a person or thing) (conciliation may succeed where force completely fails( (those who will not respond to kindness must yield to force( (in this context in Persian : زور) (forced by injuries to stay at home( (hunger forced him to forget his scruples( (such evidence forces conviction on the mind( (financial weakness forces many small businesses to the wall( ● impel, ~ling, impulsion : urge or drive by force or constraint (impelled out of England … by religious dissension – Evelyn Wrench( : exert strong moral pressure on or affect with marked moral compulsion) (impelled to resist oppressive laws( (felt impelled to tolerate what he intensely disliked( (continued to write, impelled by profit instead of vision and recollection – Saturday Rev.( ● oblige, obliging, obligation : to constrain (as another or oneself) by physical, moral, or legal force : put under obligation to do or to forbear from doing something) (necessarily obliged him to this crime( (we obliged ourselves to settle our father’s bills( (the soldiers were obliged to retreat( (the law obliges everyone to pay his taxes( (the obligations of conscience( : obligation is a generic word, derived from the Latin substantive ‘obligation,’ having many, wide, and varied meanings, according to the context in which it is used – HCB (See also اكراه - - مجبور شدن and مجبور كردن )

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